MARITIME HYDRAULICS

MARITIME HYDRAULICS

Reconstruction of Beirut - Sogreah's Maritime Division was involved in reconstructing "Beirut Central District" with a large deep water land reclamation on the north coast of the city, near St Georges Hotel and the port of Beirut

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Scale models in hydraulic engineering - Most hydraulics laboratories reduced their facilities in the eighties. So did Sogreah when combining its three labs into one single place in Le Pont de Claix, near Grenoble (France). Hydraulic scale models are used by civil engineers for coastal and river structures since more than one century. The paper gives the main areas in which scale models are still not surpassed by numerical models. And it is believed that this may last for some more time.

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Sediment motion under waves - An attempt was made to establish connections between features of sediment motion in the 3 layers generally considered, i.e. the fluid layer, the bed layer and the subsoil layer. It was found that sheet flow is very common in the bed layer and that fluidisation of the subsoil can occur at the bed surface under wave action.

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Design criteria for granular filters - A summary of design criteria for granular filters complemented by extensive experimental data is presented. Distinction is made between granular filter constructions subject to steady or cyclic flow parallel or perpendicular to the interface between the fine base material and the coarse filter material. Some combinations of those flow situations are also considered. Some physical explanation of the filter action is given together with new experimental data concerning the influence of a super-imposed load on the behaviour of granular filters and concerning the internal stability of graded filter materials.

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Local scour in non-cohesive sediment - The model-prototype conformity of local scour in experiments with non-cohesive bed material is studied for a case of an overflow dam. A brief description of the time scale and the relationship between time and scour depth established through previous systematic model investigation is given. This relationship and the conformity of the scour holes were verified by means of prototype investigation. The evolutions of scour in time, both in model and in prototype, are presented. Also some considerations are given as to the practical application of the results.